What are the primary sources that fund US national health expenditures?

The primary sources that fund US national health expenditures include out-of-pocket payments and private health insurance, making this option the correct choice. Out-of-pocket payments refer to the direct expenses incurred by individuals when they receive healthcare services, such as co-pays, deductibles, and other costs not covered by insurance. This represents a significant portion of healthcare funding as individuals and families often contribute a substantial amount of their income toward medical expenses.

Private health insurance also plays a crucial role in funding national health expenditures. Many Americans receive health coverage through employer-sponsored insurance plans or individually purchased policies. These private insurers collect premiums from policyholders, which then are used to pay for medical services, thus covering a large share of healthcare costs in the United States.

In contrast, while income taxes and inheritance taxes can contribute to government revenues, they are not the primary funding sources for national health expenditures. Public health insurance such as Medicare and Medicaid does play a role but does not encompass the entire funding landscape, making the emphasis on only public health insurance too narrow. Charity care and grant funding, while they provide valuable assistance, are not primary sources of funding for national health expenditures when compared to the widespread use of out-of-pocket payments and private insurance.